抗日战争研究

苏军烈士墓中俄友好的象征 

来源:抗日战争研究 【在线投稿】 栏目:期刊导读 时间:2021-03-29

苏军烈士墓碑为纪念在抗战期间牺牲的两名苏联空军烈士而修建。

位于渝中区的鹅岭公园,可俯瞰长江与嘉陵江,风光秀丽。穿过公园大门,沿着蜿蜒小路漫步约200米,在蓬勃蓊郁的树林中有一座苏军烈士墓,是为纪念在抗战期间牺牲的两名苏联空军烈士而修建,这里幽雅宁静,耳畔不时传来清脆的鸟鸣声。

苏联志愿航空队为中国抗日战争作出重大贡献

1938至1940年间,志愿来华参加抗日战争的苏联航空志愿队军官卡特诺夫上校、司托尔夫上校在对日空战中分别于1940年11月15日和1941年5月11日牺牲于重庆。两位烈士最初安葬在袁家岗附近,后于1959年9月迁葬于鹅岭公园内。

Located in Yuzhong District, Eling Park overlooks the Yangtze River and Jialing River with scenic views. A walk through the gate of the park and along the winding path for about 200 meters would lead one to the Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs, built to commemorate the two Soviet air force martyrs died during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. Tucked away in luxuriant woods, the place is known for its serenity constantly accompanied by crisp bird chirps.

Soviet Air Force Volunteer Team made major contributions to China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

Between 1938 and 1940, Colonel Katnov and Colonel Stolf with the volunteer group of the Soviet airforce lost their lives in Chongqing on 15th November 1940 and 11th May 1941 respectively in the air battle against Japan. Two martyrs were first buried near Yuanjiagang and reburied in Eling Park in September 1959.

2009年由重庆市人民政府公布为重庆市文物保护单位。

苏军烈士墓由纪念碑与墓地组成。纪念碑坐西向东,为钢筋混凝土结构,占地面积约为219平方米。墓地铺以花岗石,三面用石栏围护。纪念碑为四方体锥形石碑,高9米,外表是光滑的磨石。正面饰有镰刀斧头金色图案,镌刻“志愿参加抗日战争牺牲的苏联军官司托尔夫、卡特诺夫烈士之墓”。碑顶四面装饰有云纹,下面是凸浮雕式的原苏联国徽,整体造型优美庄严。

1937年日本对中国进行全面入侵。苏联政府对中国的抗日战争采取了积极的援华方针。1937年8月20日,《中苏互不侵犯条约》签订;11月,苏联志愿航空队来华支援中国作战,书写了两国友情。苏联志愿航空队的成员采取轮换形式,先后在华参战的有2000多人,日加列夫、雷恰戈夫、阿尼西莫夫、波雷宁、特霍尔、赫留金、布拉戈维申斯基等著名空军将领都曾来华与日军作战。他们先后进驻南昌、武汉、重庆、梁山(今重庆市梁平区)、成都等地机场,出动飞机千余架次,击落日机数百架,炸沉日军各类船舰70余艘,为中国抗日战争作出重大贡献。其中,有200多名官兵献出生命。

The Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs consists of the monument and cemetery. Located in the west to the east, the monument is a reinforced concrete structure, covering an area of 219 square meters. The cemetery is paved with granite and enclosed by stone fences on three sides. As a quadrate stone tablet with a height of 9 meters, the surface of the monument is smooth grindstone with golden patterns of sickles and axes veneered in the front and characters "Cemetery of Soviet airforce martyrs Stolf and Katnov, volunteer fighters in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression" engraved on the front. With cloud patterns on the all sides of the top and the former national emblem of the Soviet Union in the lower part, the overall design of the monument is graceful and solemn.

In 1937, Japan launched a sweeping war of aggression against China. The Soviet Government adopted a proactive policy to aid China in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. On August 20, 1937, the Sino-Soviet Non-aggression Treaty was signed; in November, the Soviet Air Force Volunteer Team came to China to support the fight, showcasing the friendship between the two countries.

As members of the Soviet Air Force Volunteer Team rotated in combat, over 2,000 persons joined the war in China successively. Famous air force generals such as Rigalev, Regorov, Anisimov, Polenin, Tehol, Khryukin, Blagovishensky came to China to fight against the Japanese army. Successively entered airports in Nanchang, Wuhan, Chongqing, Liangshan (now Liangping District of Chongqing), Chengdu, etc., with more than 1,000 planes dispatched, hundreds of Japanese planes shot down and over 70 Japanese ships sunk, they made great contributions to China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. Among them, over 200 officers and soldiers sacrificed their lives.

The Chinese and Russian people jointly cherish the memory of the Soviet martyrs and carry forward the great spirit of internationalism

Reflecting the history of the Soviet Union's assistance to the Chinese people against Japanese aggression, the Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs is a symbol of China-Soviet friendship with prominent historical and cultural value. As a part of the ruin groups of War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in Eling, it was announced by Chongqing Municipal People's Government as cultural relic protection unit of Chongqing in 2009.

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